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<title>Synthetic programming (HP-41)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Synthetic programming (HP-41)</span></span>

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</p><p><b>Synthetic programming</b> (<b>SP</b>) is an advanced technique for <a href="Mathematical_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical programming">programming</a> the <a href="HP-41C" title="HP-41C">HP-41C</a> and <a href="Elektronika_B3-34" title="Elektronika B3-34">Elektronika B3-34</a> <a href="Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">calculators</a>, involving creating <a href="Instruction_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction (computer science)">instructions</a> (or combinations of instructions and operands) that cannot be obtained using the standard capabilities of the calculator.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some HP-41C instructions are coded in memory using <a href="Variable-length_instruction_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable-length instruction set">multiple bytes</a>. Some of these sequence of bytes correspond to instructions the calculator is able to execute, but these cannot be entered in the program memory using conventional program entry methods (<i>i.e.</i> using the calculator as described in the user's manual). Synthetic programming uses a <a href="Software_bug" title="Software bug">bug</a> in the calculator firmware to enter those byte sequences as a sequence of other instructions, then partially skipping halfway through the first instruction, so that the calculator believes the end of the first instruction is actually the beginning of a new one. This was called <i>byte jumper</i> or <i>byte grabber</i>.

</p><p>It is not clear if the creators behind the HP-41 were aware of all these "black holes". HP did not officially support these techniques, but probably was intrigued by the strange operations and in some cases allowed enthusiasts to practice in their offices and helped to improve it among a whole sense of curiosity.

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<p>Synthetic programming is also possible on the (original) <a href="HP-15C" title="HP-15C">HP-15C</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Casio_FX-602P_series" title="Casio FX-602P series">Casio FX-602P series</a></li>

<li><a href="Illegal_opcode" title="Illegal opcode">Illegal opcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Logic_synthesis" title="Logic synthesis">Logic synthesis</a></li>

<li><a href="NOMAS_(support)" class="mw-redirect" title="NOMAS (support)">NOMAS (support)</a></li>

<li><a href="Overlapping_instructions" class="mw-redirect" title="Overlapping instructions">Overlapping instructions</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-modifying_code" title="Self-modifying code">Self-modifying code</a></li>

<li><a href="Side_effect_(computer_science)" title="Side effect (computer science)">Side effect (computer science)</a></li>

<li><a href="Variable-length_instruction_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable-length instruction set">Variable-length instruction set</a></li>

<li><a href="Yeggogology" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeggogology">Yeggogology</a> (Cyrillic: "Еггогология")</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRistanovicProti2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ristanovic, Dejan; Proti, Jelica (2012). "Once Upon a Pocket: Programmable Calculators from the Late 1970s and Early 1980s and the Social Networks Around Them". <i><a href="IEEE_Annals_of_the_History_of_Computing" title="IEEE Annals of the History of Computing">IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</a></i>. <b>34</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">55–</span>66. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMAHC.2011.63">10.1109/MAHC.2011.63</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15888694">15888694</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2023" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Eric L. "Brouhaha" (2023-01-30) [2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/hpcalc/hp15c/tennant83.html">"HP-15C Synthetics"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925194842/http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/hpcalc/hp15c/tennant83.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b6rQtSNnqY">"HP 15C Synthetics and Synthetic Programming"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFWickes1980" class="citation book cs1">Wickes, William C. (1980). <i>Synthetic Programming on the HP-41C</i>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-96252580-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFJarett1982" class="citation book cs1">Jarett, Keith (1982). <i>HP-41 Synthetic Programming Made Easy</i>. United States: Synthetix.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDodin1985" class="citation book cs1">Dodin, Jean-Daniel (1985). <i>Inside the HP-41C</i>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9612174-4-8</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMier-Jędrzejowicz1985" class="citation book cs1">Mier-Jędrzejowicz, Włodzimierz "Włodek" Anthony Christopher (1985). <i>Extend Your HP-41</i>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9510733-0-3</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMcCornackJarett1987" class="citation book cs1">McCornack, Alan; Jarett, Keith (1987). <i>HP-41 Advanced Programming Tips</i>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9612174-6-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2004" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Eric (2004-09-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nonpareil.brouhaha.com/microcode_simulation.pdf">"Microcode-Level Calculator Simulation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hewlett-Packard Handheld Conference in San Jose, California, USA.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jeffcalc.hp41.eu/divers/files/ppcjt-v1n3.pdf">http://www.jeffcalc.hp41.eu/divers/files/ppcjt-v1n3.pdf</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Hewlett-Packard_(HP)_calculators246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="HP_calculators" title="HP calculators"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Hewlett-Packard (HP) calculators</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF"><a href="Comparison_of_HP_graphing_calculators" title="Comparison of HP graphing calculators">Graphing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="HP_Prime" title="HP Prime">Prime</a></li>

<li><a href="HP_Xpander" title="HP Xpander">Xpander</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF">Scientific programmable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="HP_9800_series" title="HP 9800 series">9800 series</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF">Scientific non-programmable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>6s Solar</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF">Financial and business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="HP-12C#12c_Platinum" title="HP-12C">Platinum</a></li>

<li><a href="HP-12C#12c_Prestige" title="HP-12C">Prestige</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="HP_CalcPad_series" class="mw-redirect" title="HP CalcPad series">CalcPad</a>

<li>QuickCalc</li>

<li>EasyCalc</li>

<li>OfficeCalc</li>

<li>PrintCalc</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="FOCAL_(Hewlett-Packard)" class="mw-redirect" title="FOCAL (Hewlett-Packard)">FOCAL</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF">Emulation software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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